How to Boat on the Chesapeake :: Expository Process Essays

How to Boat on the Chesapeake An experienced leatherneckr knows that ride derriere be a very relaxing and rewarding delight that any i can enjoy. He also knows that there is much to a greater extent problematic in the sport than simply get into a boat and sailing off on the sun-glistened waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Unfortunately, most people who are new to the sport don t work out all that is involved in boating, sometimes until it is too late. By victorious the time to learn some basic information, picking up some all-important(a) charts and publications, and buying a valuable marine radio, anyone can enjoy boating safely. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Coast take Auxiliary, and U.S. Power Squadron are organizations that liberty chit basic boating safety courses in the Chesapeake Bay area. All three organizations are staffed with experts in boating safely. Classes are getable through these groups to anyone who wishes to learn more abou t boating. The floozie of a vessel used for recreation is not required to attend any of these classes, but the U.S. Coast Guard strongly recommends that one of these courses be interpreted before hitting the water. Information about these classes is available by contacting the U.S. Coast Guard natural rubber Boating Hotline at (800) 368-5647. Along with taking a boating safety course, all boaters should have the appropriate charts and publications for the area that they wish to use their boat. All charts and publications that are printed for the Chesapeake Bay area are available from most marine dealers or local marinas. A boater should have at least one chart of the area he is operating in, on with a up-to-the-minute listing of all buoys and acquired immune deficiency syndrome to navigation in that vicinity. Again, for information concerning which chart the operator will need, contact the U.S. Coast Guard Safe Boating Hotline. Listings of aids to navigation are pub lished monthly by the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency, and are available to the public at a depressed cost. The U.S. Coast Guard also issues Notice to Mariner Statements advising of any local changes to the aids every day at 800 am and again at 400 pm on marine radio channel 22. According to U.S.How to Boat on the Chesapeake Expository Process EssaysHow to Boat on the Chesapeake An experienced mariner knows that boating can be a very relaxing and rewarding sport that anyone can enjoy. He also knows that there is much more involved in the sport than simply getting into a boat and sailing off on the sun-glistened waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Unfortunately, most people who are new to the sport don t realize all that is involved in boating, sometimes until it is too late. By taking the time to learn some basic information, picking up some important charts and publications, and buying a valuable marine radio, anyone can enjoy boating safely. The Maryland Department of Na tural Resources, U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, and U.S. Power Squadron are organizations that offer basic boating safety courses in the Chesapeake Bay area. All three organizations are staffed with experts in boating safely. Classes are available through these groups to anyone who wishes to learn more about boating. The operator of a vessel used for recreation is not required to attend any of these classes, but the U.S. Coast Guard strongly recommends that one of these courses be taken before hitting the water. Information about these classes is available by contacting the U.S. Coast Guard Safe Boating Hotline at (800) 368-5647. Along with taking a boating safety course, all boaters should have the appropriate charts and publications for the area that they wish to use their boat. All charts and publications that are printed for the Chesapeake Bay area are available from most marine dealers or local marinas. A boater should have at least one chart of the area he is operat ing in, along with a current listing of all buoys and aids to navigation in that vicinity. Again, for information concerning which chart the operator will need, contact the U.S. Coast Guard Safe Boating Hotline. Listings of aids to navigation are published monthly by the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency, and are available to the public at a small cost. The U.S. Coast Guard also issues Notice to Mariner Statements advising of any local changes to the aids every day at 800 am and again at 400 pm on marine radio channel 22. According to U.S.

Who is Responsible for Military Robots’ Lethal Actions? Essay

I)Introduction Robotic technology has enabled the US military to use autonomous zombis (or unmanned systems, UMS) in modern warfare. In the war with Iraq, the US military sent 12000 base robots at the end of 2008 (P. W. Singer). One of the most popular robots used in Iraq is the iRobot Packbot, an unmanned ground vehicle, which is commensurate of detecting and destroying improvised explosive devices. Exploiting robots in warfare can save lives of many human soldiers. Moreover, robots are faster, have longer endurance, high precision and claim to chemical and biological weapons (Ronald Arkin).In the National Defense Act of 2001 the U.S. Congress, obviously impressed by the potential of robots saving lives on the battlefield, established the requirement for one-third of the ground vehicles and one-third of the deep-strike aircraft in the military to be robotic within the decade. Consequently, in the Fiscal Year 2009-2034 Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap of the office of the secr etary of defense showed the four categories that go forth be focused on are reconnaissance and surveillance, target identification and designation, counter-mine and explosive ordnance disposal, and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear detection (Stew Magnuson). As for now, most of the robot soldiers in the field are not fully autonomy. They are controlled by human soldier operators. However, the pressure of wars and the superior advantage of robots which can make decisions on their own will shift the interest in developing autonomous robots. In battle field, the time to decide whether or not to take achieve is too short that it would be impractical that a robot must send a signal to an operator and wait for the permission to fire (Ronald Arkin)... ...gner, A.R., and Duncan, B., indebtedness and Lethality for Unmanned Systems Ethical Pre-Mission Responsibility Advisement. GVU Technical Report GIT-GVU-09-01, GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Asaro, P. M., Robots and Responsibility from a Legal Perspective. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Roma, Italy. April 2007.Magnuson, S., Robo Ethics. National Defense (Volume 94, Issue 672, Nov 2009), 28-29.Singer, P. W., Military Robots and the Laws of War. New Atlantic A Journal of Technology & Society (Volume 23, Winter 2009), 25-45.Sparrow, R., Building a Better WarBot Ethical Issues in the Design of Unmanned Systems for Military Applications. Science and Engineering Ethics (Volume 15, Number 2 / June, 2009), 169-187.Sparrow, R., Killer Robots. Journal of Applied school of thought , Vol. 24, No. 1, 2006.

Alternative Sources of Energy Essay -- Energy Research Papers, 2015

As the population continues to increase day after day, so does the demand for oil and other natural resources. Eventually we will get to a point where we will need to find different ways of efficiently producing heartiness at a low cost. Twenty to thirty years ago it was hard to imagine what sources of energy (other than obvious possibilities like solar panels and windmills) that could efficiently supply the world. The advancement of technology today is opening new doors in the energy field that are likely to change the way we think about energy. With so many different sources of energy that are prevalent around the world, the take exception is found in harvesting and securing the energy at its source, and doing so in an efficient manner. I decided to do some research about potential future sources of energy, and my search turned up some interesting results. One of the most basic yet potentially worthwhile investments was found on an alternative energy webs ite. This particular article talks about the use of flying wind farms. These flying wind farms are essentially airborne turbines spinning at high altitudes sending power down via nano-tube cable tethers to generate power. Basically there would be two turbines attached via the nano-tube cables that would fly high in the hawk like kites. The strong wind from the high altitude would allow the turbines to capture and transmit the energy down the cables. The idea was being explored by NASA who said that the t...

Sambia And Hutterite Societal Threats :: essays research papers

Threats are everywhere. Every community in the world faces some sort of threats from time to time. These threats can be large or small, can come from inside or outside of the colony, and can have devastating effects on the sort as a whole or as individuals. Quite often, parallels can be drawn between societies that have nothing to everything in common. This is found when comparing two dramatically different groups in the Sambia and the Hutterites.When first comparing the Hutterites and Sambia, one notices the glaring differences. The Sambia are a tribe living in the jungles of New Guinea. The Hutterites are a group that lives communally on large farm areas. The Sambia live what looks to most an uncivilized and savage way of life. The Hutterites live in established communities with many modern conveniences. The Sambia is a black tribe, era Hutterites are white. After these obvious differences, it is hard to imagine that there would be anything in common between the two groups. Look ing deeper into the groups, it is easy to find several(prenominal) instances where they have very similar societal threats. Both the Sambia and Hutterite groups face threats from inside their communities. These internal threats can be very minor to something that might tear the group apart. One example of an internal threat comes from the sex differences that exist in each group. Both the Sambia and Hutterites have specific male and female gender roles. The Sambia work force are the warriors, leaders and hunters. The wo hands cook, raise children and gather certain crops. In the Hutterite community, the men are farmers, both group and spiritual leaders, and top of the hierarchical ladder. The women have the nursing home duties of cleaning, cooking, child rearing and clothes making. There is no deviation from these unambiguous gender roles. In both societies, women are seen as being beneath the men and having to follow the orders of men.In both of these groups, the women marry in f rom an outside group. The women come into the home of the husband, with all of his family and friends surrounding them. She does not know anyone there, and must start anew. This and the distinct gender roles lead to male and female subcultures. The Sambia women do not understand the mens rituals, make fun of them and do not share in the ecstasy they receive from the process.

Self Satisfaction Essay -- essays research papers

In the past sixteen years I have face various ch solelyenges that have molded my personality to as it is today. I went through a very tough stage in my social life when I was in grade seven and eight at the age of twelve and thirteen. I had a group of five friends outside of school, we were always together and they were all very close to my heart. It came to the point where three of the girls decided that they did not want to associate with one new(prenominal), and I was forced to choose between the three of them and the other girl. It was a feeling of indescribable disbelief and I did not know what to do. This one incident was a challenge that I had to overcome.It all happened so quickly. star minute she was our dear friend and the next minute everyone was yelling at her. At first I stood there and ...

Self Satisfaction Essay -- essays research papers

In the past sixteen years I have faced various challenges that have molded my personality to as it is today. I went done a very tough stage in my social life when I was in grade seven and eight at the age of xii and thirteen. I had a group of five friends outside of school, we were always together and they were all very close to my heart. It came to the point where three of the girls decided that they did not take to associate with one other, and I was forced to choose between the three of them and the other girl. It was a feeling of indescribable disbelief and I did not sleep together what to do. This one incident was a challenge that I had to overcome.It all happened so quickly. One minute she was our dear friend and the next minute everyone was yelling at her. At first I stood there and ...

Defensive Driving

Defensive Driving Defensive driving is a method of driving I utilise which helps me to tolerate the actions of differents in order to maintain safety for myself and vehicle plus my passengers in any road and weather conditions. I pay extra attention to my speed, judging gaps and distances, pulling off and braking, reversing and manoeuvring and tiredness/fatigue. By constantly looking and anticipating as far ahead as I can see, I can be prepared for potential hazards and associated risks before I get there.Observing what vehicles on either side or oncoming are doing and making constant wasting disease of my rear view mirrors further assists me in being a safe driver. Being aware of my vehicles characteristics, instruments and safety features are important factors. Knowing any trick spots on my vehicle and its dimensions are especially useful when reversing and manoeuvring. I am constantly aware of all that is happening around me, for example, when reversing I underwrite for any potential hazards around and behind the vehicle before I move.Other vital factors are early and timely use of indicators, hazard admonishment lights, vehicle lights, hand signals and correct use of the horn in an emergency, as is regular maintenance and servicing. Smooth, careful acceleration and braking is important for safety and also acceptable for the environment too. Examples of this are decrease fuel consumption, creating less pollution and prolonging the efficient working life of my vehicle.Stress and fatigue levels are also greatly reduced and, as adopting this driving policy inevitably reduces the chances of having an accident, my insurance premiums are keenly priced. Utilising all these methods and instruments correctly ensures a much higher degree of safety for me, my vehicle, my passengers, other road users, pedestrians and animals. In my opinion, I am a safe driver M. G. Spivey 17th May 2010

Beauty in “The Bluest Eye” Essay

The Bluest Eye is a br reverseiantly written novel revealing the fictional harm of an eleven-year-old disconsolate girl named Pecola Breedlove. This story takes place in the town of Lorain, Ohio during the 1940s. It is told from the perspective of a young girl named Claudia MacTeer. She and her sister, Frieda, last witness to the terrible plights Pecola is unintentionally assign through. Pecola chooses to hide from her disabling manners behind her clouded dream of possessing the ever so cherished down(p)st of eyes. The Breedloves constant bickering and ever exploitation poverty contributes to the emotional downfall of this petty girl. Pecolas misery is obtained through the touch of her fathers hand and the voice of her communitys exertion with racial separation, anger, and ignorance. Her innocence is harshly ripped from her grasp as her father rapes her limp existence.The communitys anger with its own insecurities is taken out on this poor, ugly, black, non-ideal, young gir l. She shields herself from this sorrow behind her obsessive plea for blue eyes. But her eyes do non replace the pain of carrying her fleeing fathers baby. Nor do they protect her from the shady eyes of her neighbours. Though this reserve discuses negative and disturbing situations, it teaches a very positive lesson. The theme of The Bluest Eye is that of depending on outside influences to become aw are of ones own beauty and to fabricate ones own self image after part be extremely damaging. guinea pig Tracking cup of teaBeauty 1 Claudia is constantly approach with washcloth ideals of beauty. For Christmas one year, she receives a blue-eyed, blonde-haired, pink-skinned wench. Rather than adore the doll, she destroys and dismembers it as a result of her anger. Claudia feels she back never measure up to the beauty of dust coat children, the beauty that all the world reveres. Beauty 2 The Breedloves are poor and ugly. At least that is how they theorise the world views them. T heir beliefs that they are ugly come from white Ameri discount media always portraying whites as representations of what is beautiful. Because of this, they do not strive for to a greater extent, for they think that they do not deserve to have more. Beauty 3 Pecola presses that she had blue eyes. She thinks that if her eyes were blue, and therefore beautiful according to white American standards, then her problems would go away and her life would be beautiful. Then maybe, her classmates and teachers would not despise her and think she was so ugly. She so hates herself that she stares at herself in the mirror trying to figure out where her ugliness comes from. Beauty 4 For one year Pecola prays that her eyes will turn blue. She has umteen problems in her life, starting with family issues, and she thinks that if she had blue eyes, her problems might go away.And even more than that, if she had blue eyes, people would see her as beautiful, and then she would be able to see herself as beautiful too. Being a black little girl in a troupe that idolizes blonde-haired blue-eyed beauty, Pecola thinks she is ugly. Pecola sympathizes for the dandelions because she knows what it is alike to be devalued. She finds beauty in the weeds, for she thinks that people see her as a weed. Beauty 5 A spic-and-span little girl, named Maureen Peal, comes to Claudia and Friedas school. Maureen is revered for her images, which people deem beautiful. She has lighter skin and eyes than most of the other children, and everyone adores her because of this. She is looked upon as beautiful because her characteristics are somewhat more white than other black peoples.This causes many to be jealous of her. However, Claudia and Frieda are not jealous. They see through the standards placed on beauty, and if Maureen is what is beautiful, this means that they are not beautiful (according to society). Beauty 6 When the girls are walking home from getting ice cream after school, they pass a movie mansion with a picture of Betty Grable on the building. Maureen and Pecola both say that they love Betty Grable, an icon for white American beauty with her blonde hair and blue eyes. However, showing her ostentation for such standards placed on beauty, Claudia says that she prefers the actress, Hedy Lamarr, who has dark hair. Beauty 7 In her younger years, Pauline Breedlove occupied herself by going to the movies. It was here that she got her first coup doeil into what idealized beauty was. She saw the Hollywood blonde-haired, blue-eyed bombshells as being true representations of beauty. And anything that strayed from these looks, including her own, was seen as not pretty.American society placed their standards of beauty onto the world, and because of this, many people began to realize how far away they were from those standards. Beauty 8 Pecola goes to visit Soaphead Church with the hope that he will be able to fulfill her wish to have blue eyes. She thinks that with blue eyes, all of her problems will disappear and the world will love her because she will be beautiful. The world, seen through blue eyes, will in addition appear beautiful to Pecola. Beauty 9 Claudia prays that Pecolas baby will survive. She needs the baby to live to counteract societys standards set on beauty, which say that blonde-haired, blue-eyed little girls are all that is pretty. Claudia hopes that with this new black baby people will change and see blackness as something that can be admired and something that is beautiful.Topic Tracking civilizationCulture 1 Mr. enthalpy moves into Claudia and Friedas house. One day, the girls come home and when they walk in Mr. Henry greets them. He flatters them by telling them they look just like Greta Garbo and Ginger Rogers, both white American female actresses. These two actresses represented American societys ideal beauty, with their blonde hair and blue eyes. They, and other actresses like them, were so idealized by the media that it force d young American girls, both white and black, to question their own beauty if it differed from the standard of blond hair and blue eyes. Culture 2 After seeing the cup with Shirley tabernacle on it, Claudia explains her ill feelings for her. Shirley Temple was the epitome of what all of America adored in little girls her bouncy blonde curls and big blue eyes. This sickened Claudia, as she was so different from Shirley Temple and all of the other little girls who looked like Shirley. Culture 3 Claudia tells the story about the doll she received for Christmas one year.This doll was a beautiful doll that had blonde hair, blue eyes, and pink skin. Instead of appreciating the doll like most other children would have done, Claudia dismembered and destroyed the doll. She was sick of having American ideals of beauty placed on her, which said that being white with blonde hair and blue eyes was what was deemed as beautiful. Culture 4 This excerpt from a first grade tuition primer describes t he perfect white family. Morrison uses these excerpts in many points of the story to illustrate the dichotomy between the ideal white family, and the family of blacks, specifically Pecolas family. The reading material book perpetuates the stigma that what is seen as ideal in American culture means having a neat little house, run by two loving parents, with two children, one of which has blonde hair and blue eyes, and a fun loving dog who plays with the children. This social stigma presses on children who are different that are reading these books, and makes them think they are abnormal and unacceptable. Culture 5 The Breedloves are described. They think they are poor and ugly, and it says that much of the reason they think this is because of the white American media.The media, as part of our culture, sets the standards for what defines beauty, and anything straying from these standards is viewed as ugly. Culture 6 Pecola is constantly faced with the standards set on her society by American culture. She cannot even enjoy a piece of candy without feeling that she is different and lacking in some way in terms of beauty. When she goes to eat her Mary Jane candy, she is mesmerized by the little girl of Mary Jane on the cover, a blonde-haired, blue-eyed girl. These cultural pressures of what defines beauty make Pecola aware of just how much she strays from that defined beauty. This eventually leads to her desire for blue eyes, which in turn leads her into madness. Culture 7 When Pecola, Maureen, Claudia and Frieda are walking home from the ice cream shop, they pass a theater with a picture of Betty Grable on it. Young girls are bombarded with American cultures ideals of beauty, such as pictures of famous actresses. Betty Grable in particular, with her blonde hair and blue eyes, makes Pecola and Maureen want to look like her. However, despite all of their hopes and wishes, they will never be able to look like that, and they are left as the victims of a culture that standardizes and limits young children.Culture 8 During her younger years, Pauline Breedlove spent a lot of time at the movie theater. It was here where she learned American standards of true beauty. Constantly faced with actresses like Jean Harlow, the ultimate Hollywood blonde bombshell, Pauline was forced to examine her own beauty in terms of Harlows. She realized that she did not look anything like Harlow, and based on this, came to the conclusion that she must be ugly. However, her feelings of ugliness were purely based on cultural standards set on her through the mediocre of Hollywood. Culture 9 Claudia feels the need for Pecolas baby to be alive and healthy. She wants the baby to survive because she wants to counteract the cultural emphasis placed on white girls with blonde hair and blue eyes, exemplified by the types of white baby dolls most children adore (dolls that look like Shirley Temple). If Pecolas baby lives, maybe people can learn to love a black baby and see black as beautiful too.At least this is what Claudia is hoping for. Culture 10 Pecola beats her weapons system like a bird, and attempts to fly up to the sky. However, she cannot. The reason she cannot is because she has been held back by the culture in which she lives, a culture that values white beauty, and ignores black beauty. It was an needed end result that Pecola would never be able to achieve the standards of beauty she wanted to. She was born a black child, and unfortunately, her culture does not accept black beauty. Thus, her dreams would never be fulfilled. And even though she thinks she has blue eyes, the world around her does not recognize her as she wishes to be seen. And because of this, she is driven to madness, caused by the pressures and social standards of her culture.

Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom

Health circumstance and Health C ar Services in the coupled state with comparison to the United States HSM-310 adit to Health Services Management Course Project Date submitted 10/18/2009 Table of Contents Executive Summary Population and Health post.. Demographic characteristics of population Mortality, Infant mortality data, causes of death *Availability of Health Services* Basic organization/general description of service institutions, providers of safeguard Issues connect to access Utilization of services (data, if available)Other related information/analysis Expenditures How argon wellness services paid for any roles for the government here selective information on total expenditures *Macro environmental influences on the health precaution dust* Public Private *Summary comments* Problems Opportunities Other related comments regarding this countrys health feel for services Comparison to the United States what works better, what is not working as well. Concluding comment s Lessons learned for the U. S. , other countries Bibliography (required).Executive Summary The United Kingdoms population is growing and the people are living longer, this could be due to the fact that healthcare is free and people are using it when they engage it and not time lag to see a doctor when they can afford it. However, with the growing size of the population the cost of healthcare is rising and the destiny for livelihood the tax financed health plan needs to be reformed. Hopefully by seeing what other countries use to have a successful health care plan the UK can implement some of their ideas with their own and ucceed at having an efficient and effective health plan that delivers the highest quality of health care. Population and Health Status in the United Kingdom The Office of National Statistics reported that the population in the United Kingdom (UK) was 61. 4 million people in mid-2008, which is a 408,000 increase from the year before. The rise in population ove r the past 12 months is not due to migration but to the increased spot of births and the decreased number in deaths (ONS, 2008). It seems that the people in the UK are living longer and leading healthier breedingstyles than in the past.The vivification expectancy at the time of birth for males is 76. 52 years and 81. 63 for females, and the infant mortality rate is 4. 85 deaths per 1000 births (Flag Counter, 2009). Below are the top ten leading causes of death in the United Kingdom Ischemic amount disease Lower Respiratory infections Cerebrovascular disease Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Colon and rectum cancers Breast pubic louse Alzheimer and other dementias Prostate Cancer 10. Lymphomas, multiple myeloma (WHO,2009)Here in the US we share many of these leading causes except for Lymphomas and Prostate cancer, we add traffic accidents and diabetes mellitus. I would assume this is because Americans drive more than the British and that the g eneral population of the US is overweight, which is a leading cause of diabetes. The US and the UK share nearly the same life expectancy and the infant mortality rate is a bit higher here in the US. Overall the US and the UK share little difference when it comes to life expectancy, infant mortality and the leading causes of death.Availability of Services The UK has a National Health Service (NHS) that is a publicly funded health care service. The NHS is divided into ii different sections primary and secondary care. The primary care section consists of General practice physicians, dentists, optometrists and pharmacist, the primary care section is referred to as the Primary Care assumption (PCT). The Secondary section is do up of acute or elective healthcare options, such as emergency and urgent care, ambulance and surgery, these acute services are referred to as NHS trusts.The PCT oversees around 29,000 GPs and 18,000 dentists, there are around 175 acute NHS trusts, 60 mental heal th NHS trusts and 1600 NHS trusts hospitals. Emergency vehicles are also provided by an NHS ambulance services trusts there are 11 of these ambulance services trust in England (NHS, 2009). The healthcare facilities are basically the same as they are here in the US there are hospitals, clinics, urgent care facilities, doctors offices and pharmacies. The main concern with the access of healthcare in the UK is the waiting times to be seen by a specialist after being referred by a primary physician.In England the wait time is around 18 weeks to see a specialist. Many patients in the UK have said that there is difficulty in accessing GP on the weekends or after-hours as well. As with other nations the UK also has a shortage of healthcare workers which increases the wait times and the quality of care that patients are receiving. The main focus of the NHS is to provide the highest quality of care as well as decreasing the wait times and adding more healthcare facilities. Expenditures The N HS was built on the ideal that healthcare should be provided to everyone regardless of wealth.With the riddance of charges for some prescriptions and optical and dental services, the NHS remains free at the point of use for anyone who is resident in the UK. It covers everything from antenatal screening and routine treatments for coughs and colds to open heart surgery, accident and emergency treatment and end-of-life care. The NHS is a tax financed healthcare system, the public compensations a higher tax for their healthcare to be free. The Department of Health much(prenominal) like that in the US, oversees the NHS. All employees of the NHS are government employees and are by paid by the government.There is a very small private sector of healthcare in the UK and if you either be seen by an NHS physician or by a private physician whom you would pay out-of-pocket to see. The responsibility for health legislation and policy rests in the hands of the government at the Parliament of W estminster. The treasury/finance ministry set a budget and that determines what share of government communicate will be used to finance the healthcare system. The budget is done in three year cycles. In 2004 the total healthcare expenditure in the UK was 101 billion pounds the funding for NHS alone was 86. 6 billion pounds.The expenditure on healthcare is continually rising. Here in the US the healthcare system is privately funded through grants, donations and fees for service. We pay insurance to cover our healthcare costs or we pay out of pocket for the services. There has been some concern on whether or not the UK NHS system will continue to work, taxes will need to increase and there will need to be more funding. There is a push to have a mixed system that is both private and public. *Macro environmental *Influences There is a common problem with the migrant cut to the UK to take advantage of the healthcare and the citizens are footing the bill.The need for funding for NHS is rising and there is concern on how they are going to continue to pay for the services. The UK is in need of a plan to implement a privately funded healthcare service alongside the tax financed service. Implement co-pays on some of the services that are provided and take into consideration the benefits of including the private sector. Summary Overall the UK has a well implemented plan for their healthcare services, the problems that they face are the same that are faced by many other countries, from funding to the quality and the accessibility of services.In comparison to the US the UK faces many of the same issues, the shortage of healthcare professionals to the need for reform. The universal health care plan has worked for the UK and the private plan has worked for the US in the past but now there needs to be changes made because of the rising cost of healthcare in both countries. The UK is learning that there is a need for change and that by seeing other countries such as the US u se private health insurance plans they can create some kind of balance. Bibliography

Basement

3 basement 3 Basement 1 Quick Revision 1. 1 Problems arising from basement construction a. jab method. b. Surface and ground piddle control c. Lateral stability of basement excavation. d. Stability of adjoining building. 1. 2 flat coat water control dewatering a. Open sinkhole Pumping b. Wellpoint System. c. Shallow-Bored Well System d. Deep-Bored Well System 1. 3 Basement Excavation a. Open excavation b. Sheet pile cofferdam back up with raking struts Supported with struts and walings Supported with ground anchors Ground support and ground water control for deep excavationCut off argueings c. Thin fastened diaphrage d. Mixed in place skirt e. Ground treatment f. Circular cofferdam g. Diaphrage groyne 1/11 3 basement 2. Cut-off seawallings 2. 1 Thin grouted diaphragm A series of touching widely distributed beams or columns argon driven into the ground to the required depth. A grout dispenseion pipe is fixed to the web the section and this is connected to a conclave p ump at the ground. As the sections are withdrawn the void created is filled with cement grout to form the thin membrane. This is a non-structural wall and services solely as a cut-off wall. It is uitable sub grime of silt, sand and gravel. 2. 2 Thin grouted diaphragm (Source R. Chudley) Mixed-in-place wall A hollow churn drill is drilled into the ground. Intrusion grout is pumped through the hollow kelly bar during the drilling operation. When the required depth is r separatelyed, the auger rotation is reversed and withdrawn while grout shaft continues. The grout is thus mixed with the existing soil to form a mixed-in-place pile. The above process is repeated with the tons being cast against each other until the all told wall is formed. Mixed-in-place pile (Source Jufri & Wellmen) /11 3 basement 2. 3 Ground treatment The major disadvantage of pumping is causing settlement of surrounding ground. In urban areas, settlement would serious affect the stability of adjacent properties. In this situation, grouting method can be employ to control ground water. The basic method is to inject the soil or rock with fluids which, on setting, seal or reduce the permeability of the secular. There are various types of grouts. The choice of grouts, the pattern and spacing of the injection pipes will depend upon the particle sizes of the soil or the size of fissures in the rock.Cement Grouting (Source R. Chudley) 2. 3. 1 Cement grouting Cement grout is suitable for injecting into coarse fabrics which have a high permeability. This method not only can form an impermeable barrier to ground water but also solidify loose soils which prevents from collapsing during excavation. It is chronic to commence grouting with a batch of thin grout and then(prenominal) to increase the viscosity of the grout as the process continues, by reducing the water-cement ratio. The grout utilize may be composed of neat cement grout, or a mixture of cement and 3/11 3 basement sand in the ratio of 1 4.The adding of sand reduces the cost of material but it also reduces the workability. On the other hand, pulverized fuel ash (PFA) may be employ to replace part of the cement (up to 50%) to reduce the cost of the material. The spherical particle shape of PFA improves the flow quality of the grout without reducing its strength. 2. 3. 2 Bentonite grouting Bentonite grouting is used in ground conditions where the particles of the soil are too small for cement grouting. While bentonite grout adds little strength to the soil, it has a high resistance to water flow and thitherfore produces an excellent barrier.Bentonite is produced from montmorillionite clay, which has thixotropic properties when it coagulates it forms a gel, and if mixed with certain additives, such as Portland cement or soluble silicates, the barrier formed will be permanent. 2. 3. 3 Chemical grouting There are two main processes of chemical grouting one-shot and two shot. In the two-shot process, pipes are driv en into the ground at closely 600 mm centres, and the first chemical, normally sodium silicate, is injected. This is followed immediately by the injection of the second chemical, calcium chloride.The reaction between the two chemicals is immediate, resulting in a tough, water-insoluble silica-gel. The process gives considerable strength to the soil and greatly reduces its permeability. Two-shot process for chemical grouting 4/11 3 basement The two-shot process has been largely superseded by the one-shot process, which consists of assortment together prior to injection two chemicals whose gel cadence can be sufficiently delayed to allow full penetration of the soil earlier gel occurs. The extent of the delay can be accurately controlled by varying the proportions of the two chemicals.The extra time available for placing this grout allows wider spacing of the boreholes. 4. 2. 6 Circular cofferdam Steel sheet pile cofferdams may be arranged in circular shape in plan. Circular cof ferdams may be supported with ring walings. The walings are subject to tangential thrust and act as a continuous arch. Thus transverse struts are not required. openhanded diameter circular cofferdams may be formed of concrete diaphragm wall and reinforced with ring concrete beam. The advantage of this method is that it provides a soak up excavation un-hampered by struts. However, the method is restricted to circular shape.Circular cofferdam support with ring walings Basement construction of IFC 5/11 3 basement 5 Diaphragm seawalls Diaphragm walling describes the construction of continuous concrete walls into the ground. The process, sometimes called the slurry infringe method, involves the excavation of a narrow trench to the required depth which supported with bentonite slurry. The trench is then filled with concrete to form the wall. Construction of diaphragm wall 5. 1 Advantages of using diaphragm walls for basement construction 1. The process of constructing the wall is re latively quiet and has little vibration. . The wall can be constructed to a great depth. 3. The wall provides temporary ground supports during excavation hence expensive steelwork is eliminated or minimized. 4. The wall provides a good water cut-off no dewatering is required and hence has little effects on adjacent structure. 5. The wall serves both as external wall for the basement and the foundation for the superstructure. 6. For deep basement, diaphragm walling is more economical than using steel sheeting cofferdam. 6/11 3 basement 5. 2 method of construction of concrete diaphragm wall 1. A edge trench, 1 to 1. m deep and with a width equal to the wall thickness positive(p) 300 mm is excavated. 2. The trench is lined on both sides with 150 mm thick in-situ concrete. (The linings provide a guide for the grab and comfort the top of the excavation from collapse. ) 3. The wall is divided into to panels. The width of each panel is some 4. 5 to 7 m. The sequence of construction f or the panels is in an alternatively way. That is, an mediocre panel is excavated aft(prenominal) panels on its both sides have been cast. 4. The trench is then filled with bentonite slurry from a large storage tank before excavation.Excavation is done by a grab. During excavation, it is important to maintain the slurry level at about 0. 5 m below the top of the trench. (The function of the bentonite is to prevent the ingress of water and soil into the trench. ) Excavation is continued until the founding is reached. 5. Stop end pipes of diameter equal the wall thickness are placed at both ends of the panel. A keep cage is lowered through the bentonite and panel is cast with tremie concrete. The displaced bentonite is recovered, strained to remove the soil particles and then stored for future use. 6.When the concrete has set, the stop end pipes are removed. Semi-circular sockets are formed which provide key for the adjacent panels. 7. Further panels of the diaphragm wall are then formed in a similar manner until the wall is completed. 5. 3 Precast Concrete Diaphragm Walls Diaphragm walls can also be formed with precast concrete panels. The construction sequence is 1. A perimeter trench, lined on both sides with concrete walls, is prepared. 7/11 3 basement 2. The trench is filled with bentonite slurry and excavated with a grab. During excavation, the slurry level is maintained at about 0. m below the top of the trench. Excavation is continued until the founding is reached. 3. Cement grout is introduced to the bottom of the trench with a spreader. The displaced bentonite is recovered, strained to remove the soil particles and then stored for future use. 4. Precast posts or panels are inserted into the trench to form the wall 5. When the grout has set, it seals the joints of the precast panels effectively, and the diaphragm wall is formed. Precast Concrete Diaphragm Wall Precast Concrete Diaphragm Wall (Source R. Holmes) (Source R. Holmes) 8/11 3 basement 6 S oldier pile wallSince the wall of a basement must(prenominal) be watertight, if a soldier pile wall is used as a basement wall, the scads of the wall will be constructed to overlap with each other. This type of wall is also called secant pile wall. The overlapping is about 120 to 200 mm. It is cut by a hydraulic actuated slip fitted with a cutting ring at the lower end. The cutting must be done within one or two days after the concrete has been cast to prevent it become to hard. Secant pile wall Alternatively, the piles of the wall are cast contiguous. Boreholes are drill at the joints of the piles which cut the edges of the piles. The boreholes are then filled ith bentonite-cement grout to seal the joints. Secant pile wall (Source R. Chudley) 9/11 3 basement 7 top-down Basement Construction It is to construct the basement in the downward direction to the final levels of the basement. The sequence of work is as follows1. Construct the permanent basement wall using diaphragm wall or soldier piles wall. 2. Construct bored piles with temporary steel casings as the foundation of the basement. The cut-off level of the piles is at the final basement level. 3. Place steel columns inside the steel casings of the bore piles from the foundation level up to the ground level. . Backfill the shafts with granular material to hold the steel columns. 5. Construct the ground al-Qaida slab supported on the steel columns and the diaphragm walls. (This slab provides a working platform for superstructure construction and acts as the squint support for the basement excavation. ) Access opening in this slab shall be provided for further excavation. 6. Excavate beneath the ground floor slab down to next basement floor soffit. 7. Cut the steel casing, remove the gravel and expose the steel column. 8. Cast the second basement slab. The slab is connected to the columns with shear studs and connected the diaphragm wall with dowels) 9. seize the process for the successive basement floors until down to the final basement slab. The top-down method provides the following main advantages1. Superstructure can be constructed at the same time as the basement construction takes place and therefore the overall construction time is reduced. 2. Temporary and permanent works are combined and therefore there is no need for extensive steel temporary works. 3. Stiff rigid walls allow an almost watertight construction and basement construction to great depth.These ladened walls provide at the same time a limitation to ground movement. 10/11 3 basement Steel casing infilled with granular material Steel column on top of bored pile Reference Control of groundwater for temporary works (1986), S. H. Somerville, CIRCA Construction Technology (1987), R. Chudley, Longman Building Construction vade mecum (1992), R. Chudley, Newnes Introduction to Civil Engineering Construction (1985), R. Holmes, College of Estate Management Civil Engineering Construction IV (1991), S. A. R. Jufri & R. J. Wellmen, Hong Kong Polytechnic 11/11

Job Hunt Based on the Education Stream

Exploratory Essay Being in college is a great opportunity to study the major everyone has always dreamed of. I am sure that not everyone that is in college at the moment knows exactly what direction to go with their specific major. By doing some research on my major I plan to gain some knowledge of what type of job opportunities my accounting major can offer me. At this moment I do not know exactly what different jobs I can pursue with my major. I am also sure that there are a several(prenominal) jobs that can deal with accounting that I will learn about.As I started my research on my major I came to one job ennoble that every person with accounting experience start off with to make a way onto higher positions. This job deed of conveyance is c eached an accounting shop clerk. An accounting clerk usually deals with activities like preparing for basic management and ledger maintenance. One essential and basic duty they have to do is assume much responsibility to complete assigned a ccounting and related clerical support functions. This is where they maintain files, type a variety of reports or documents, print account payable checks and insert checks to weapons daily, and prepare fiddlesheets to the general ledger system.A second duty they maintain is resolving accounting or documentation problems by tracking and investigating these problems (Accounting salesclerk 1). A third is establishing coordination with the comp whatevers personal and effective communication. This duty deals with assisting and maintaining contact with any other departments to convey any transactions, keep the management conscious about any problems or area activities, and involving themselves in any meetings (Accounting Clerk 1-2). A last duty they are responsible for is ensuring the place in which they tap is maintained secure and complete any special projects assigned (Accounting Clerk 2).An accountant clerk has umteen responsibilities they have to take care of at all times. This Google PDF document informed me about the certain responsibilities an accountant clerk has to achieve to maintain this certain position. It showed me the great significance it can play in my career if I chose to go into this position and the things I would have to over go. For example, I can hold the responsibility of maintaining and over looking documents for a company or even finding any issues with any of the documents.It also informed me that becoming an accounting clerk can be a great first quantity to start off with, so that sooner or later I would be able to pursue bigger and greater things. Starting with this job agnomen could better prepare me for any future positions I would like to get into. Being an accounting clerk sure is one good job appellation that I would keep in mind, but there are also a couple more that have caught my interest. A second job title that can be a possibility for me to look into that can as well deal with a great amount of responsibilities is bo okkeeping.Bookkeepers are responsible for taking many records of the transactions for a companys occupation. They must also be able to maintain the records within a certain computer platform or given ledger. The type of records bookkeepers need to maintain can include those which calculate accounts payable and receivable, expenditures, receipts, and pro perish and loss (Bureau of wear Statistics). Bookkeepers have a curing of tasks they have to do so having a wide range of skills will be the only way they would be able to handle this type of job.A bookkeeper may choose to work for a small business or a large company. Either job they choose to work for requires some screen of the same tasks, but if they liked to work for a large company they would have to have much more experience with the task bookkeepers encounter (Bureau of Labor Statistics). If they do not have the great amount of experience than working for a large business would not be a good fit for them and working for a small business would be a much more comfortable start for them.This bookkeeping job deals with a lot iterate tasking skills that can be complicated to master. The Bureau of Labor Statistics website has gained me a fiddling knowledge about bookkeeping and what it consist of. From this website I took an understanding that a bookkeeper need to feel comfortable working with a computer at all times because it is one main source they work with. They also have many responsibilities to take into account and in order to accomplish them they have to have the right amount of experience to be successful in this job.Knowing that they work a lot with computers was one main thing that I like about this job. To calculate, put in records and type out data has caught a little of my interest because having experience with computers is something I can perform well with. A last job title that I looked into that caught my attention was a tax specialist. A tax specialist is the person who fills out tax return forms for many clients. Their ultimate goal is to reduce their clients tax debt by including any possible deductions.They have to conduct many interviews with each client in order to get important personal and financial information. Their duty does not only limit to reporting on tax returns, but they could also have the responsibility of informing their company of any expenditure that has any association with the business transactions (Solis). Tax specialist can also have the option to work socio-economic class round or only during the season of taxes. To work year round they would have to be working with a business and to work during the season they can do it to earn themselves extra money.

Case Study of the Life of Bill Viola

DrumheadBill genus genus Viola is populating fable of media and engineering p dodgeicularly in video production. Viola Born on January 25, 1951 in Queens, New York, United States of America. Viola spent his early old ages of life in his place town Queens and afterwards on shifted to Westbury, New York. Viola had funny nature that ever triggered him to travel in front to fear. Once he was on a hilly ground trip with his household, where he near drowned in lake but he mentions the incident as one of the most bewitching experiences of his life. Viola earned university grade from siege of Syracuse University, Syracuse New York in 1973 in each right artistic production and started his professional c each(prenominal)ing as a look technician at Everson Museum of humanistic discipline in Syracuse, New York. Subsequently on two old ages he act ased as proficient manager in Art/Tapes/22. And in 1976 and 1977 he traveled crossways the cosmea to inclose cultural humanistic discipline s public presentations. In 1977 Viola was invited by WNET 13 channel Television look for lab New York to work as an creative person in abode where he directed a noteworthy series of work and they were on aired. 1977 proved to be comfortable for Viola in footings of personal life, he was invited to La Trobe University, Melbourne Australia by their cultural humanistic disciplines manager, Kira Parov as in the really following twelvemonth Ms. Parov became Mrs. Viola. In 1979 Viola along with his partner Parov, traveled to Sahara desert, Tunisia to enter mirages. In 1980 Viola achieved a cultural family between US and Japan for one and half twelvemonth at Japan. In Japan, Parov and Viola acquired cognition in Zen Buddhism and Viola became the first creative person in abode at Sony Corporations Atsugi research research labs. At the terminal of 1981 Parov and Viola came rump to USA but this clip in California where Viola joined California Institute of liberal arts as an teacher and tau ght Advanced motion read Technology. Viola besides continued his art work with a alone subject with Parov. They created art work found on human organic structure medical images retrieved from a local infirmary, carnal consciousness in a menagerie at San Diego and fire walk rites of Hindu community at Fiji. Parov had big(p) involvement and experience in come across taking. In 1987 both travel to south west of USA and captured mark sites and recorded pictures of desert landscapes.Violas art work is intriguing, the manner he relates everything behind the camera to sole religious conceptions. His picture demo his great and alone love for nature. In 2005 he went to Dharamshala, India with his boies to enter a supplication with Dalai Lama. Viola has great passion for music excessively. From 1973 to 1980, seven old ages he had worked, performed and wise(p) with a composer David Tudor, being attached to a music group Rainforest . Violas arts work got planetary acknowledgment and as sessment back in 1970s. Numerous exhibitions of humanistic disciplines in all over the universe exhibited Violas originative humanistic disciplines work. For case in 1987 at Museum of ultramodern Art, New York Installations and Videotapes . In 1995, Viola represented USA exhibiting one his celebrated piece of art work Buried Secrets at the 46th Venice Biennale. In 1997, Whitney Museum of American Arts paid a testimonial to Violas art work by showing Violas 25 old ages of art work that had around 35 installings and picture tapes. Viola has a alone personality and thought. In an interview he revealed that he dont resembling to populate in crowded topographic points, he prefers to populate in the corner side of metropolis therefore hes populating from rifle 25 old ages in a corner of long beach, California with his partner and two boies. His studio is nearby to his house and he has rented another house, where he has maintain a resource library. In that house, he goes and stays to b elieve and be after thoughts, without any communicating beginning non even phone. Harmonizing to Bill Viola, he thinks more than creatively when he his near to nature and off from people and day-to-day everyday tensenesss. He merely goes to his studio after explicating an thought to work else he doesnt travel. He takes things and events positively, like he has no fright that life will stop. In fact the chief subject behind most of his work, we all life in this universe for a short continuance and we have to return into ageless life, thats stableness. His art works began to exhibit when he was at school at the age of, normally displayed on wall. During his academic life, his pictures were ever fixed on walls and they are still at that place. This fact convinces that he has in born endowment of going an creative person, much like a passion that subsequently on became his profession ( Viola, 1990 ) . His thoughts are profoundly rooted in spiritualism, Mysticism, shamanism, Buddhism. T aoism, Sufism, and philosophical ideas ( Ross, Sellars, & A Hyde, 1997 ) . Viola has received legion awards for his outstanding parts to media and picture engineering. In 1984 he received a national award Polaroid Video Art introduce for his exceeding accomplishment. Again in 1987, he received Maya Deren Award from American Film Institute, USA. In 1989, his work was honored with John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur trigger Award, USA. In 1993, he was awarded Skowhegan Medal for his contributions in Video Installation, USA. Viola has immense part to art in footings of ancient civilization, his services were acknowledged and awarded in 2003 by American Federal of Arts that presented him Cultural leading Award. Viola non merely received prestigiousness and awards from his place state but across worldwide. In 2006, he received NORD/LB Art award in Bremen, Germany. In 2009, he was honored by an award from Cambridge MA. In 2009 he won International bread at Barcelona, Spain. In 2011 Vio las university, Syracuse University felt great pride and award in his pupil parts to field of humanistic disciplines and awarded him Arent Award for Distinguished Alumni. Recently in 2013 he received two awards, one from Anderson Ranch, Snowmass Village, CO the National Artist Award and the other from dawn Picture Show, Houston, TX the Aurora Award . Along with a long list of awards, Viola has besides received nine ( 9 ) honorary doctorial grades in Fine Arts from assorted universities and institutes worldwide.DiscussionIn media engineering legion creative person are working on picture engineering and installings, what makes Violas art unique is usance of slow gesture with intensive computing machine based redaction. He has contributed a batch in this field, in this paper we will discourse nearly of his plants.In 2007 Viola represented US in 52neodymiumVenice Biennale where he presented his picture installing, ocean without shore . Its one the major and greatly influential pictur e installings by Viola. The trace behind Ocean Without bring is about the passage between life and decease with utilizing H2O. A stunner faces three big picture proctors which are placed in a dark room. About 20 four people get downing looking from an unseeable H2O wall. feed in of H2O is dynamic. Every private walks entirely and get down nearing the spectator. Those 20 four people are all same, brumous and skin tone is gray. As the semen closer to the spectator, at a certain distance that is a threshold between them and viewer, they touch the unobserved threshold. When they touch it, it clearly seeable as a powerful heat lightening. Afterwards they turn back and travel once more to the unseeable H2O wall. Whole picture installing last for one and half hr. Every individual looking from the unseeable H2O wall is soundless, unagitated, and inactive. They are pass oning with deep emotions. Their emotions can be written into 1000s of words. separately of the individual returns, as if decease is strike harding at his door. They are in a unusual stillnessable province as reaching of decease is welcomed by them. Ocean Without shore is a deep emotional illustration of homo. It depicts the events which lie at concurrence point of decease and life. Bill Viola says, The picture term paperss a sequence of persons easy nearing out of darkness and traveling into the conspicuous radiation in order to go through into the physical universe. Once bodied, nevertheless, all existences realize that their presence is finite and so they must finally turn away from stuff being to return from where they came. The rhythm repeats without end. Idea of Ocean Without Shore was taken from the poesy of Birago Diop. Birago was inspired from a Sufi mysterious Ibn Arabi who said The Self is an ocean without a shore. Gazing upon it has no beginning or terminal, in this universe and the next. This work shows Viola is influenced by mysticism and Sufism. Violas work allows viewer to compre hend all signifiers of life, in a ways he persuades the spectator to see his ain contemplation in the basic thoughts of hope, desire, love, decease, regeneration and above all stableness ( Robson, 2011 ) .Another great piece of art was subsequently on presented by Viola that portions concept and subject with Ocean without shores. Bodies of visible radiation is a distinct series of Transfigurations that focus on the clip when a individual or object follows the rule of transmutation out-of-pocket to internal forces of laid-back witting non outside(a). Viola shows the transmutation of ego is normally called by an interior realisation. A individual gets clear thought of his psyche, his filthy, unfiltered set of emotions and so he overcomes all such emotions and gets transformed into a new being, an ideal being. In this piece of art Viola used black and white images of apparitional organic structures, that appear easy from darkness, and pass through a certain threshold of H2O and ente r enlighten colourful universe. That new reaching of self-encounters with diverse set of human emotions from joy to fury, and all are occupied with some desires, and eventually these apparitional organic structures disappear in darkness from where the appeared. In this installing Viola used images shootings from an old camera along with shootings with a High definition camera ( Viola, Bodies of wanton ) . In this artistic picture Viola conveys a message of life to his spectator that their comes a point in life, when a individual changes itself for his interior peace and satisfaction. Runing with this universe may gain money and luxury to a individual but the cost is an individuals internal peace. Internal forces become stronger to external forces and therefore a mans life become calm.DecisionBill Viola is a large name in the picture engineering and installings, and has achieved many awards and awards due to his parts. One can non state viola came into this field by opportunity or b y pick. He is an congenital creative person. Harmonizing to him life without art is non a life. Despite great sum of celebrity and acknowledgment, Violas life is simple and he looks for simpleness in every facet of life. The chief thought of Bill Violas work is about basic human life, demands and procedures. The manner he tries to associate the being of adult male with decease is singular. He shows both sides of positions in his work. Exemplifying the phenomenon of decease so much is normally considered as pessimism. It may devoid the viewers involvement from life and he may believe that life will stop so why he has to do attempts for endurance. But Viola on the same clip attempts to substitute the spectator that he can non get away from cosmopolitan worlds. A dead being is really undead. He persuades the viewing audiences to believe at high degree of consciousness. This attack provokes the spectator to understand the importance of basic human needs that are love, hope, heartache a nd a desire to populate. Viola uses H2O and visible radiation along with high dimensional cameras to picture his subjects. His hallmark is usage of slow gesture, organic structures ( characters ) appear and disappear in proctors of picture screen really easy and swimmingly. His picture enhances the sum of repose in the spectator. Viola uses latest engineering and works on old age construct and thoughts peculiarly Sufism and Mysticism. Violas piece of work are unagitated, calm and smooth that adds repose in spectator. Violas work is more about to chew over than to praise the high dimension camera. His subjects are cosmopolitan and influence all sort of people. One can non claim that he makes art pieces and picture installings for a peculiar category of people. Viola has deep involvement in ancient saints and their history.MentionsRobson, J. ( 2011, November 19 ) .Bill Viola Ocean Without a Shore.Retrieved from Pennsylvania academy of the Fine Arts hypertext transfer protocol //www.p afa.org/billviola/Bill-Viola-Ocean-Without-a-Shore/1184/Ross, D. A. , Sellars, P. , & A Hyde, L. ( 1997 ) .Bill Viola.New York Whitney Museum of American Art.Viola, B. ( 1990, June 30 ) . Contemporay Arts. ( M. Nash, Interviewer )Viola, B. ( n.d. ) . Bodies of Light.Bodies of Light.James Cohan Gallery, New York.

The Vicious Cycle of Broken Homes and Unsuccessful Marriages

Children from broken homes be spot disenchanted with the idea of marriage. When they grow up, they come to distrust its role as a social institution and look at it lightly. According to statistics, a high percentage of people from broken homes bar up with unsuccessful marriages (Rossi, 1990, p. 246). Research on broken homes show the overwhelming negative impact of broken homes on the psychological health of children. Studies show, for example, that delinquency is related to broken families.P arntal neglect plays a part in the frequency of delinquency among females, particularly when this neglect results from a broken home . Children from broken homes are in any case more than likely to develop attention deficit disorders than children from normal families. They tend to suffer more damaging mental problems that influence them to make incorrect decisions in purport (Rossi, 1990, p. 247). These children could sustain these psychological problems in their early adulthood, making the m unfit to handle responsibilities in a marriage setting (Coleman, 1976, p. 389).Other studies show that children from broken homes are more likely to have sex before the age of 16. Its been shown that the adolescent mind is not developed enough to make strong life decisions. If children are pushed to marry because of unwanted pregnancies, then the resulting marriage is more in danger of falling apart. As children in broken homes become more and more distrustful of marriage and sustain more psychological trauma, broken marriages unsuccessful marriages form a vicious cycle that leaves everyone a victim. Early intervention is essential to correct childrens view of marriage and themselves.However, this is not easy to do as research also shows that broken homes lead to educational difficulties in children. people from broken families must seek counseling to strengthen their marriages. Education plays a vital role in stopping this vicious cycle, but it must be done early and regularly through the victims lives. References Coleman, J. C. (1976). Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life. New York Scott, Foresman. Rossi, A. S. (1990). Of human bonding parent-child relations across the life course. Piscataway Aldine Transaction.

Leed Certification And Sustainable Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay

The succeeding(prenominal) paper discusses the influence of constructions on the environment and st denudatess that atomic number 18 being taken to prove big bucks their C footmark throughout the globe. Buildings loan signifi batchtly to the pollution of this planet. However, while they contri only whene a batch to pollution, they besides have the abi illuminatedy to cut down that tally of pollution and waste through the agencies of making a outlook of sustainability throughout their industry. every phase in the life rhythm of a construction bath play their portion from send off and create to operation. The LEED enterprise is one much(prenominal) manner to get down the development in the mentality of detergent builders and interior decorators.While the LEED enterprise has be get a spacious with rather successful, many builders tend to remain off from it imputable to the fact that to derive LEED enfranchisement, the salute of the structure is raised. While the initia l cost is higher, the long terminal dwell eggs is significant and fin solelyy molds it worthwhile. Items from populace-service corporation costs be lower along with revenue enhancement nest eggs from the authorities. Even belongings value has been proven to be raised with LEED enfranchisement.While the theme of long term nest eggs is of the essence(p) to acquire more than than builders to see sustainability more, this alteration must go a lasting 1 that makes environmentally friendly structures the norm kinda than a assortment of side show. This function earmark behind be gradual, merely with committees such as LEED and others slightly the universe, the building industry is making their portion to assist cut down pollution and waste.LEED Certification and Sustainable BuildingsEnvironmental disposition is going of all fourth dimension more outstanding in nowadays s society. Whether it is being more concerned around car emanations and their stat mis per gallon s tatistics, or purchasing locally produced nutrients, Traveling Green is all over we look whether we like it or non. These illustrations of utilizing engineering or stuff assemblage methods for autos and food market discover merchandises are the or so common ways of society s effort to cut down their C footmark on the planet. However, there is a sector of society and concern for that affair which is far slight perceptibly trying to do this measure into the kingdom of sustainability. This sector I am speaking about is the industry of planing, building, and operation of edifices.Buildings in the United States represent 39 per centum of the state s primary muscularity manipulation, history for 38 per centum of all C dioxide emanations, represent 72 per centum of the state s ingestion, they use 14 per centum of all drinkable weewee, and globally, edifices use 40 per centum of natural stuffs. ( Yudelson ) When one takes a minute to see how often nothing and stuff it takes to co nstruct anything, from the fumes of Cranes and dozers, to the electricity consumed in a completed skyscraper, these Numberss are non all that surprising. And now cognizing these Numberss, one can conceive of the impact on the C footmark of the United States, if both(prenominal)thing was through to diminish them. Fortunately, efforts are being made to do the building industry more environmentally friendly, with such enterprises as the LEED evaluation agreement for constructions of all sorts.LEED is an acronym for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Its intent is to break down edifices that have gone supra and beyond in their efforts to make a significantly more environmentally friendly constructing than normal. LEED collects and incorporates a broad assortment of best patterns across many subjects including architecture, engineering, interior throw, landscape architecture, and building. ( Yudelson ) This reference piece of work mark from Yudelson s book, absolute ly summarizes what participants in a building undertaking are involved to make a LEED edifice. A LEED edifice is non exactly a edifice that keeps the visible radiations off more, but instead a merchandise of the coaction of everyone involved, from transporting steel from a closer works to minimise transit pollution, to making a of course illuminated environment necessitating less manmade lighting, to even technology and planing more free cogency streamlined air conditioning and heating systems.There are four possible LEED scores a edifice can have, dependent , Silver , capital , and Platinum . Certified being received by crop intoing the basic demands, and Platinum being rewarded to the undertakings that meet the highest grade of demands. The four accomplishment degrees are the undermentionedCertified Greater than 40 per centum of the entire possible stains.Silver Greater than 50 per centum of the entire possible point in times.Gold Greater than 60 per centum of the entire possible points.Platinum Greater than 80 of the entire possible points.The undermentioned diagram by Yudelson, displays a per centum dislocation of the five chief yrs considered by a LEED commissioner and how large of a function separately drama.As you can see, the five chief marks considered are, indoor environmental quality, sustainable sites, H2O efficiency, energy and atmosphere, and stuffs and resources. From each of these classs, depending on how many points scored, the LEED committee go out honor the edifice with a Certified, Silver, Gold, or Platinum seal of blessing. This chart is specifically for New-Construction undertakings, nevertheless, over 70 per centum of LEED enfranchisements are freshly constructed undertakings and therefore will be the makings largely discussed in this paper.The followers is an impression from Yudelson of the LEED scorecard for the Oregon Health and Science University s Center for Health and Healing which received a Platinum evalua tion.As displayed, points are awarded for accomplishments under each of the five major classs, along with an extra class of Innovation and Design.For the class of Sustainable Sites the focal point is on commanding everything from alternate transit entree to light pollution decrease, to thrustwater direction. Even the site prime(a) is of import. The facet that jumps off the page here is the alternate transit methods. If the edifice design squad can make an evironment that encourages, bicycling to work with tonss of motorcycle racks and altering suites for the rockerss that can cut down a genuine sum of autos on the route attached to that edifice. Besides by planing for coach, metro, and train terminuss, in or nigh the edifice, more muckle populating or working in the edifice may be more apt(predicate) to utilize these alternate methods of transit and cut downing the figure of autos on the route. The thought here, is that since alternate supply cars have non taken off in soci ety, the chief or easiest manner to cut down toxicant vehicle emanations is to cut down the figure of vehicles on the route by promoting the usage of mass public transit systems like metros, coachs and trains. Buildings play a large function in this by supplying the terminuss and Stationss convieniently to the populace. on with the appear of transit, the site class besides contains the subjects of stormwater intervention, heat islands, and light pollution. By pull offing the stormwater displaced by the footmark of a edifice, an proprietor can derive two speedy points toward LEED enfranchisement. Whether it is a developing a manner to decently handle and perchance recycle stormwater within the edifice, or by restricting the sum of overflow created, there are many ways a edifice can be intentional to forestall contaminated stormwater from making rivers or oceans. Buildings are besides monolithic heat generators which can be harmful to the environment. By cut downing the radiation o f heat, another two speedy points are available. And eventually, the issue of light pollution is a serious job in big metropoliss, impacting the animate beings in the country, specifically birds. Buildings do non aim to go forrard their visible radiations on all dark, it is a waste of energy every bit good as harmful to birds which are affected by non cognizing the difference betwixt dark and twenty-four hours in the metropoliss. Gesture detectors are one possible solution, but nevertheless this is remedied, a LEED point is up for grabs here every bit good. Site Sustainability is the 2nd largest class and proves that if builders take the squeeze to use nigh of these factors into their construction, they can hold a resonant impact on the environment around them.The 2nd class is Water Efficiency . This is the smallest class every bit far as point handiness goes with moreover five available, but is truly is an gentle five points and should be done irrespective of a LEED certif action end or non. There are three chief sub classs Water effective landscape gardening, advanced effluent engineerings, and H2O usage redution. Whether it is implementing a timed sprinkler system, or utilizing landscaping that does nt necessitate H2O such as crushed rock, there are ways to significantly cut down the sum of irrigation required for the landscape around a construction. Water usage redution starts in the bathrooms, with more in force(p) spigots and lavatories. While they are more expensive up forepart they are more or less likely to scavenge the proprietor silver in the long tally. All that is required for two points under the H2O usage decrease, is a 30 per centum lessening which is a batch in the large image, but it is really accomplishable. oddly for edifices that find solutions to the irrigation of their landscape gardening.The 3rd class is called Energy and Atmosphere . This country fundamentally focuses on natural event ways to minimise the overall energy ingestion of the edifice through advanced design and engineering. decade points are available merely by happening ways to perfect the edifice s energy public presentation. There are many methods to travel approximately making this, whether it is better insularity, or more high-octane HVAC systems. Another outstanding facet of this class is the execution of renewable energy within the construction. The most good known of these is solar and air current generated great power through the usage of solar panels and air current turbines. By implementing these designs, non merely will you recieve points for their usage toward LEED enfranchisement, but they will besides assist optimise the energy public presentation of the edifice. Buildings use a batch of energy and and bring forth a batch of gases that contribute to the depletion of the ozone. By happening ways to utilize eco friendly air conditioning units or plan the inside of the edifice to maintain it cool without air conditioning during the summer, will travel a long manner to assist the environment. The key to this class is to concentrate on ways to bring forth power utilizing green options. If the design squad can happen a manner to power a big part of the construction with solar panels or air current turbines, non merely will a immense part of LEED credits be available, but in the long tally the proprietor s power costs will be a fraction of what they would hold been with out the green power options, all at the same clip being environmentally witting. The Energy and Atmosphere sort out is the largest group every bit far as LEED points are concerned. Because of this, it is perfectly important to derive a important sum of LEED credits from this group if you have any aspirations of developing a LEED certified construction.The following and quaternate class is called Materials and Resources . This country fundamentally covers the pracitices apply in the building of the edifice. While doing certain a edif ice is environmentally friendly during it s operation, the building of a edifice is a legitimate portion of a construction s life rhythm and it is every spot of import to do certain this procedure is green every bit good. There are plentifulness of ways to carry through this undertaking. Of class they most likely are non traveling to be doing intercrossed bull dosers and Cranes any clip shortly, but there are ways to take down the C footmark of building. Examples include, godforsaken direction, usage of recycled stuffs, edifice and resource reuse, and the usage of local stuffs. The general subject of traveling green during building is fundamentally leave nil to waste. The more you can utilize of dismantled stuff for the new construction the better. And the proper allotment of stuff that needs to be disposed of the better. All contribute to a more environmentally firendly building site, along with those coveted LEED credits. Another really of import facet is the usage of local or re gional stuffs. By utilizing stuffs that are manufactured locally or nearby, the shorter the distance they need to be trucked to the site and so cut downing the clip on the route of the trucks conveying stuff to the site. Less clip on the route for the trucks mean less fuel and less emanations by them for your occupation. This construct gives a good image of how far making a building undertaking s C footmark is. It is non limited to merely the site itself but everything and everyone that contributes to it.The concluding chief classs of the LEED enfranchisement procedure is the Indoor Environmental Quality. Basically how the design of the interior effects the overall efficienty of the edifice. This includes everything from C dioxide monitoring throughout the construction, to the usage of low-emitting stuffs, to how much of the construction is lit by daytime. Low-emitting stuffs include stable pigments, sealers, rug and composite wood. These are easy points as most of these come cri terion. However, one of the trickier facets will be run intoing the daytime and positions demands of 70 five and ninety per centum of the infinites sightedness daytime. closely edifices have interior suites with multiple narratives which makes this undertaking near impossible. But with a dedicated designer and technology squad this could be achieved. Another country for points government noted is thermic comfort. Basically holding a system in topographic point that monitors the room temperatures and maintins a comfy temperature. This helps toward energy ingestion as the thermoregulators will guarantee the air conditioning or heat will non run longer than what is needed.The concluding class is Innovation and Design Process . This awards points for invention every bit far as building waste, H2O, and storm H2O is concerned. This encourages the design and development of new methods to construct a greener edifice that can be used in future undertakings. The intent of the LEED system is to acquire developers to come on toward more and more efficient designs and methods of edifice and operating constructions.Throughout each description, one might detect that many of them are cogitate or related to one another. This procedure can be described slightly like a Domino consequence. Once one end is achieved it can straight impact something in a comletely diametric class. For illustration, if daylight and positions is achieved for even 70 five per centum of infinites, a LEED recognition is received for that accomplishment, but the optimize energy public presentation end is besides positively affected. With a big part of the edifice seeing daylight a batch less power will be needed to illume the edifice. This is merely one illustration, nevertheless there are many. This is non to state that gaining adequate credits to accomplish a LEED accredation is an easy undertaking, but if a squad is dedicated to that end it is possible and one will happen that solutions to some ends help towards the completion of others.Now one might see all of this on paper and notice that to carry through a LEED certified undertaking, it is traveling to be a batch of excess money compared to an mean edifice that is non LEED certified. To some, cost may non be every bit of import as it is to others but when it comes down to it, the building industry is a concern, and proprietors are looking to do the largest net income possible from the money they put out to build a new edifice. This is a just statement and there is no denying LEED constructions so cost more ab initio to construct. The undermentioned diagram by Yudelson shows estimations for the sum of excess cost for each degree of LEED enfranchisement.As you can see, the potency added cost can be important, particularly if you neediness to develop a Platinum certain construction.Another barrier to the development of sustainable edifices is the of all time existing struggle between the Engineers and Architects. The chang eless battle between Architects and Engineers is ever at that place, nevertheless some undertakings it is an easier coaction than others. LEED undertakings tend to make some struggle because what fits under the LEED standards may non be was the designer was later visually, or may non work the best structurally, so via medias must be made. However, if the proprietor and building coach make it blow over from the start that the aim is a LEED edifice and via media is promoted, so this barrier can commonly be overcome.While the initial cost of funding a LEED edifice is higher than normal, there are legion benefits. Most of the benefits are long term or are instead irregular, nevertheless, all can significantly lend to the value of a LEED certified edifice over a non-certified edifice. The following tabular array from Yudelson s book lists the general benefitsA twosome of good factors that jump out to an proprietor purely concerned about cost are 1 ) the public-service corporation nes t eggs are 30 to 50 % , 4 ) revenue enhancement benefits, 5 ) more competitory existent dry land value. These three benefits make a good instance to convert an proprietor to desire to construct a LEED certified edifice. Sure you pay more up front, but it is a proved fact that people will pay more to populate or work in an environmentally friendly edifice that has a LEED seal of genuineness. Along with a higher belongings value, the cost to keep the construction is less. This is a direct merchandise of the money you put up forepart for green engineerings to derive the LEED enfranchisement. You paid for solar energy, so the direct consequence is a lower power measure, you paid for H2O efficiency so the H2O measure is lower. The same goes for all facets like warming and chilling. These nest eggs are cardinal, because juvenile constructions are made to last decennaries, even beyond one hundred old ages. Because of this, the long term public-service corporation nest eggs, will salvage far more money than the sum saved up front avoiding the LEED path. And eventually, the revenue enhancement benefits from the production of this signifier of construction. The authorities is one of the largest advocates of traveling green and thence there are assorted revenue enhancement benefits and proprietor can take advantage of by making a LEED certified edifice. While these are merely three of the 14 proposed benefits, others such as fund elevation, and public dealingss are benefits that are highly valuable to many every bit good.It is clear that making environmentally friendly edifices is the hereafter of the building industry, it is merely a affair of acquiring builder s and society to accept it as the norm, as opposed to a particular instance. The LEED enterprise is the most outstanding tool presently in usage to travel builders in that way. At the minute, in today s building clime, it seems more hard to convert proprietors that LEED is the right manner to travel, merely be cause they cost more. However, the long term benefits are easy being accepted and more and more undertakings are traveling the LEED path. In the hereafter it is the end of the LEED enterprise to non keep builders to their checklist simply so they can acquire a booty on their completed undertaking but because it is the right thing to make for the hereafter of the planet. The instance that the universe will stop if everyone does nt get down constructing LEED Platinum constructions is non being made here. But the statistics show that the building industry and edifices during operation create a really big C footmark that can surely be shrunk. So while car shapers develop H and electric autos, the building industry should work to doing LEED certified edifices the norm.

Integration Of Goals Essay

What is meant by the term degree of integration of goals and how burn we achieve true integration? Goals rouse be define as the overall objectives, purpose and the propensity result that a person or governing body will plan to achieve. Organization goals, management goals and personal goals differ from each other. The extent that individuals and groups recognize their own goals as being satisfied by the accomplishment of organizational goals is the degree of integration of goals. In every organization it is very important to achieve the true integration for the success but accordingly its not a simple task that can be achieved overnight. True integration can only be achieve when goals of management, goals and employees and goals of organization is achieved. The closer we can get the individuals goals and objectives to the organizations goals, the greater will be the organizational performance. So for this the goal of the organization should be clarify and achievable enough so that the management and employees become well aware and set their goals accordingly. One of the favorite approaches to achieve true integration is management by objective where the objectives of different parties are defined so that management and employees agree to the objective and understand what they need to do in organization in gild to achieve them. The employees get strong input to identifying their objectives, time lines for completion and it includes ongoing tracking and feedback in the cognitive operation to reach objectives. Making the employees participate in the goal setting can also help achieving the intrust goals. These types of participation will help them to create sense of self-actualization. Similarly the style and effectiveness of leadership plays a vital role in achieving true integration. They should be able to influence the behavior of the employees and achieve the desire goal.

Truck Driving: How to Do It

How many of us can drive a hand truck? Most people wouldnt know where to start. All they see is a huge roll up of metal with wheels and cant fathom driving it. Using this guide will give a crash course (no pun intended) in truck driving and what its like on the itinerary with these monsters. It also may help one understand the world of the truck driver and give them a new found respect for them. One of the first stairs e actually truck driver moldiness do before setting out on a trip is the pre-trip inspection. On some tractor-trailers thither are as much as one hundred items that need to be checked or replaced.Some of these items include wheels and tires, brakes, lights, and fuel containers. All of which can be a major hazard to some other drivers if they are not fixed or properly secured. Another equ everyy important step for a truck driver is making sure the charge is properly stowed or locked down. Depending on the trailer cause there are various ways to properly secure the elevator cargo, such as straps, chains, and wedge blocks. If the cargo isnt properly secured it can shift and cause the truck to be overweight in a true area. Being overweight on a certain side or on a certain axel can have a devastating effect on the road or on the truck itself.Federal dictates the no tractor-trailer can exceed 80,000 lbs without proper paperwork. Another area that needs to be checked thoroughly is the inside of the cab and the dash instruments. Most trucks have three times as many gauges as a pedestrian vehicle. Some that you would not find in a car is the air (psi), exhaust temp. , turbo pressure, and oil temperature. It is very important that we keep a check on all the various limpids the truck needs as well. Most trucks will not crank if a fluid level is to low such as the water. Once out on the road a truck driver has to be extremely cautious and aware of what is happening on the road.One of the most unnoted and easiest things to do is watching the mirrors very often. The mirrors are there to help you drive safely and efficiently. It is a very important step to master for the safety of ourselves and the other drivers. There are many more steps and regulations to go along with truck driving. Each state has its own rules and regulations as well as certain cities. Most of which can be viewed on the state DMV website. I hope this essay helps anyone looking to give out a truck driver, and remember, keep an eye on those mirrors.

Main features of the five sector circular flow model Essay

The five- domain circular point copy represents an informal thrift like Australias, and demonstrates the important relationships between the different sectors in the Australian market economy. It is the last circular flow feign because it does not return any assumptions that need to be left out such as governments and trade. The five parts of the model households, firms, finance, Government and overseas sectors work collectively to form the economy. The inter-relationships between these sectors create market scotch conditions that tinge every Australian.The model of the economy demonstrates that it literally works as a flow or a cycle. It can the be further defined to include two flows, one, a flow of goods and helpers and the other, a flow of money. The flow diagram demonstrates that when one sector is at risk it puts frugal market conditions in jeopardy because they ar all reliant upon one another. The Australian Economy is open, which is its open to flows of goods, ser vices and cracking from overseas using different currencies (with fixed exchange rates). In the open economy income is utilize for consumption, savings, taxation or spent on imports.The parvenu feature in the five-sector model is the overseas sector that includes imports and exports Trade. The similar principles apply to this model as the imports are represented as spending, however the money goes out of the economy. specie spent on imports by households or firms reduce income spent in the economy and are wherefore classified as leakages from the model. Imports can be categorised as the consumption of goods and services from the rest of the ball and they reduce income, expenditure, output and employment from the Australian market economy. Importing goods mean that fewer Australian resources are utilised and production falls. Thus, the level of income decreases and the flow of money becomes smaller. Eventually however the flow would return to remainder but at a lesser rate and the circular flow would seduce contracted.Furthermore, exports of goods and services fetch income for exporters from overseas households or firms who pay for these exports. An Australian export is essentially a product or service that is kick upstairsd here and sold toanother country generating income for Australian businesses. Exports are therefore a form of barb of income into the circular flow without using Australian resources to produce them. With both imports and exports taking place as the new addition to the five-sector economy the circular flow is again complete. All income is consumed, saved, taxed and now can be used to purchase imports.The economy is in equalizer when income equals output equals expenditure or simply, Injections equal Leakages. The open economy leave alone be in equilibrium when savings confirming taxation overconfident imports equals investment plus Government spending plus exports. However, this does not mean that savings has to equal inves tment only that the arrive of S plus T plus M equals the total of I plus G plus X. However equilibrium is not necessarily a desirable or non-desirable thing.Being at equilibrium is fine or at the detail where savings, tax and imports are less than investments, Government spending and exports where this will cause a boom or expansion in economic activity however, being the diametrical of this will cause a recession or contraction in economic activity. On a chart this is represented when the supply and demand curves intersect at the point where supply and demand are equal. The price at which the number of products that businesses are willing to supply equals the amount of products that consumers are willing to bargain at a specific point in time.Governments can stimulate or contract economic activity depending on the current state of the economy, world issues (including other economies around the world) and political matters. When the economy is at equilibrium they can choose to s timulate the economy by being at a point of budget deficit, which would increase spending, they can also do this by lowering taxes. If they want to reduce economic activity they can increase taxes, which may create political instability at the same time, or they can generate a point of budget surplus which would slow spending. Governments only have so much impact on the economy using this method. To have more influence and impact they produce some goods their self, they do this by owning bouffant companies or shares in them such as Telstra and Australia Post which have a large amount of economic influence. Not only do these companies have a largeamount of monetary influence every Australian relies on atleast one of their companies/services everyday.The circular flow diagram can be used to analyse the position of the Australian economy. To do this you must inaugural render how the diagram works. The diagram flows in a cycle. Look at a point on the diagram and follow the arrows to see where it has come from and where it can go. Research economic current economic conditions in Australia and then see what affect this can have overall by looking at the sectors flux to and away from it. Problems have an overall effect on every part of the circular flow model however, because if one thing goes wrong then it effects everything throughout the whole cycle until it returns to where it began.The five sector circular flow model is very useful is helping to easily understand the way an open economy such as Australia works. It is a complete model including all possible sectors leaving nix to assume. On a more careful analysis it even becomes possible to workout ways of excite and suppressing the economy using assumptions and simple equations. This model is especially helpful to students seeking an easy way to understand the way an open economy functions and the different affect certain problems can bring about.

Bio-Polymer Chemistry Assessment Task

Production of Materials Chemistry Assessment Task Part A Biopolymers Definition The term Biopolymer refers to polymers that are produced by living reed organisms. Since these are polymers, biopolymers contain monomeric units that are covalently bonded to form large sructures. Biopolmers are divided up into 3 main classes. These are Polynucleotides (which include RNA and DNA), Polypeptides ( short polymers of amino acids) and Polysaccharides. Examples of some Biopolymers include Cellulose, Starch and Proteins. ancestry http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/BiopolymerPolypeptides Biopolymer Polylactic acidFormation PLA is produced from a renewable source. For example corn. Corn is harvested and then polished to extract the starch from the raw materials. From the starch, dextrose is produced. The dextrose is then fermented, transforming into lactic acid. The lactic acid is modify into a polymer by the process of condensation, then forming long chain molecular compounds into polylactic aci d. The organism is Lactic Acid. Source http//www. hitachi-pt. com/products/ip/process/pla. html Properties and Uses Being able to degrade into lactic acid, PLA is used as medical checkup implants in the form of screws, pins, rods and as a mesh.PLA cease also be used as a compostable packaging material. Cups and Bags have been made out of PLA. In the form of film, PLA shrinks upon heating allowing it to be used in shrink tunnels. PLA is also useful for producing loose-fill packaging, compost bags and disposable tableware. PLA can also be used in treatment in the body. Depending on the exact type used, it breaks down in the body within 6 months to 2 years. This degredation is desirable for a support structure because it gradually transfers the load to the body as the organ heals.Source http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Polylactic_acidManufacturers Assessment The impact of PLA on the society is that collect to the high demand or PLA products from resources such as corn, corn growers hav e been tampering with the genes of the corn to produce higher yields in order to suffice the demand. hitherto though PLA is biodegradable it still takes at least three months in a controlled environment to aright break down into its components. However it is estimated to take 100 to 1000 years to decompose in landfill.PLA is also from a different origin than regular plastics, therefore it needs to be kept tell apart when recycling. PLA is an alternative to the common plastic bag or plastic cup since it can be recycled which can be useful to the society. Source http//www. scientificamerican. com/article. cfm? id=environmental-impact-of-corn-based-plastics Judgement Even though PLA is an alternative to common plastic due to it being recyclable and biodegradable, PLA still needs to be refined to make it more efficient to produce, be cost effective and to be able to degrade at a much faster rate.Part B Batteries Sources Vertex Learning Centre Book, HSC chemistry, Vertex Learning Cent re Book, Production of Materials Section 6 and 7 Button Cell Plastic seal Zinc case Graphite rod Electrolyte Negative term figure Positive terminal Plastic seal Zinc case Graphite rod Electrolyte Negative terminal Positive terminal Leclanche Cell (Dry Cell) Sources http//www. comf-hk. com/zcart/index. php? main_page=page&id=3&chapter=1 Leclanche Cell diagram- 4. 6 cells and batteries word scroll By Bernard Broekhuizen